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Tocilizumab

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Mar.11.2024

Tocilizumab

Indications/Dosage

Labeled

  • coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
  • cytokine release syndrome
  • polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
  • systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease
  • temporal arteritis

Off-Label

  • scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
† Off-label indication

For the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, in hospitalized patients who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Intravenous dosage (Actemra)

Adults

8 mg/kg (Max: 800 mg/dose) via a single intravenous infusion. If clinical signs or symptoms worsen or do not improve after the first dose, 1 additional dose may be administered at least 8 hours after the initial infusion. Administer tocilizumab in combination with a systemic corticosteroid.[38283] The National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 treatment guidelines recommend tocilizumab in combination with dexamethasone (with or without remdesivir) to treat hospitalized adults requiring supplemental oxygen, IF the patient is exhibiting signs of systemic inflammation and rapidly increasing oxygen needs while on dexamethasone. The NIH also recommends use of tocilizumab plus dexamethasone to treat patients on high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or ECMO.[65314]

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing 30 kg or more†

8 mg/kg (Max: 800 mg/dose) via a single intravenous infusion. If clinical signs or symptoms worsen or do not improve after the first dose, 1 additional dose may be administered at least 8 hours after the initial infusion. The Emergency Use Authorization requires tocilizumab to be given in combination with a systemic corticosteroid.[66757] The NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines recommend consideration of the addition of tocilizumab for hospitalized patients requiring high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or ECMO who do not have rapid (e.g., within 24 hours) improvement in oxygenation after initiation of dexamethasone. Remdesivir may be added for patients requiring high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation.[65314]

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing less than 30 kg†

12 mg/kg via a single intravenous infusion. If clinical signs or symptoms worsen or do not improve after the first dose, 1 additional dose may be administered at least 8 hours after the initial infusion. The Emergency Use Authorization requires tocilizumab to be given in combination with a systemic corticosteroid.[66757] The NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines recommend consideration of the addition of tocilizumab for hospitalized patients requiring high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or ECMO who do not have rapid (e.g., within 24 hours) improvement in oxygenation after initiation of dexamethasone. Remdesivir may be added for patients requiring high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation.[65314]

For the treatment of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis in persons who have had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

Intravenous dosage (Actemra, Tofidence, Tyenne)

Adults

4 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks. May increase the dose to 8 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks if needed; doses more than 800 mg are not recommended. May use as monotherapy or concomitantly with methotrexate or other non-biologic DMARDs. Avoid concurrent use with biological DMARDs such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) modifiers, anakinra, rituximab, ofatumumab, and abatacept.[38283] [69541] [70425]

Subcutaneous dosage (Actemra, Tyenne)

Adults weighing less than 100 kg

162 mg subcutaneously every other week as monotherapy or concomitantly with methotrexate or other non-biologic DMARDs. May increase the dose to 162 mg subcutaneously once weekly based on clinical response. If transitioning from IV tocilizumab, give the first subcutaneous dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose.[38283] [70425]

Adults weighing 100 kg or more

162 mg subcutaneously once weekly as monotherapy or concomitantly with methotrexate or other non-biologic DMARDs. If transitioning from IV tocilizumab, give the first subcutaneous dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose.[38283] [70425]

For the treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis

NOTE: Tocilizumab has been designated an orphan drug by the FDA for this indication.

Intravenous dosage (Actemra, Tofidence, Tyenne)

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing 30 kg or more

8 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks; administer over 1 hour. Do not change dose based solely on a single visit body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. May use as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.[38283] [69541] [70425]

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 weighing less than 30 kg

10 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks; administer over 1 hour. Do not change dose based solely on a single visit body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. May use as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.[38283] [69541] [70425]

Subcutaneous dosage (Actemra, Tyenne)

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing 30 kg or more

162 mg/dose subcutaneously every 2 weeks. When transitioning from IV to subcutaneous administration, administer the first subcutaneous dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose. Do not change dose based solely on a single visit body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. May use as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.[38283] [70425]

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing less than 30 kg

162 mg/dose subcutaneously every 3 weeks. When transitioning from IV to subcutaneous administration, administer the first subcutaneous dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose. Do not change dose based solely on a single visit body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. May use as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.[38283] [70425]

For the treatment of active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Intravenous dosage (Actemra, Tofidence, Tyenne)

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing 30 kg or more

8 mg/kg/dose IV every 2 weeks; administer over 1 hour. Do not change dose based solely on a single visit body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. May use as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.[38283] [69541] [70425]

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing less than 30 kg

12 mg/kg/dose IV every 2 weeks; administer over 1 hour. Do not change dose based solely on a single visit body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. May use as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.[38283] [69541] [70425]

Subcutaneous dosage (Actemra, Tyenne)

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing 30 kg or more

162 mg/dose subcutaneously every week. When transitioning from IV to subcutaneous administration, administer the first subcutaneous dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose. Do not change dose based solely on a single visit body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. May use as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.[38283] [70425]

Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years weighing less than 30 kg

162 mg/dose subcutaneously every 2 weeks. When transitioning from IV to subcutaneous administration, administer the first subcutaneous dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose. Do not change dose based solely on a single visit body weight measurement, as weight may fluctuate. May use as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.[38283] [70425]

For slowing the rate of pulmonary function decline in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD)

Subcutaneous dosage (Actemra)

Adults

162 mg subcutaneously once weekly. Therapy interruption may be needed for management of dose-related laboratory abnormalities including elevated liver enzymes, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.[38283]

For the treatment of temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis

Intravenous dosage (Actemra, Tyenne)

Adults

6 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks in combination with a tapering course of glucocorticoids. Doses more than 600 mg per infusion are not recommended. Tocilizumab may be used alone after discontinuation of glucocorticoids.[38283] [70425]

Subcutaneous dosage (Actemra, Tyenne)

Adults

162 mg subcutaneously once weekly in combination with a tapering course of glucocorticoids. May consider 162 mg subcutaneously every other week based on clinical considerations. Tocilizumab may be used alone after discontinuation of glucocorticoids. If transitioning from IV tocilizumab, give the first subcutaneous dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose.[38283] [70425]

For the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS)

Intravenous dosage (Actemra)

Adults, Adolescents, and Children 2 years old and older, weighing 30 kg or more

8 mg/kg IV over 60 minutes for one dose, alone or in combination with corticosteroids. If no clinical improvement in the signs and symptoms of CRS occur after the first dose, up to 3 additional doses of tocilizumab may be administered at least 8 hours apart; doses exceeding 800 mg are not recommended. Only the intravenous route should be used for the treatment of CRS; subcutaneous administration is not approved for this use. In a retrospective analysis of pooled outcome data from clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapies for hematologic malignancies, 69% of patients with a first episode of CRS who were treated with tocilizumab achieved a response, defined as resolution (lack of fever and off vasopressors for at least 24 hours) within 14 days of the first dose of tocilizumab, less than 2 doses of tocilizumab administered, and no additional treatment beyond tocilizumab and corticosteroids. This was confirmed in a second study using an independent cohort that included 14 patients with CAR T cell-induced CRS.[38283]

Adults, Adolescents, and Children 2 years old and older, weighing less than 30 kg

12 mg/kg IV infusion over 60 minutes for one dose, alone or in combination with corticosteroids. If no clinical improvement in the signs and symptoms of CRS occur after the first dose, up to 3 additional doses of tocilizumab may be administered at least 8 hours apart; doses exceeding 800 mg are not recommended. Only the IV route should be used for the treatment of CRS; subcutaneous administration is not approved for this use. In a retrospective analysis of pooled outcome data from clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapies for hematologic malignancies, 69% of patients with a first episode of CRS who were treated with tocilizumab achieved a response, defined as resolution (lack of fever and off vasopressors for at least 24 hours) within 14 days of the first dose of tocilizumab, less than 2 doses of tocilizumab administered, and no additional treatment beyond tocilizumab and corticosteroids. This was confirmed in a second study using an independent cohort that included 14 patients with CAR T cell-induced CRS.[38283]

For the treatment of systemic scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)†

NOTE: Tocilizumab has been designated an orphan drug by the FDA for this indication.  

Intravenous dosage (Actemra)

Adults

8 mg/kg IV once monthly.[62882]

Subcutaneous dosage (Actemra)

Adults

162 mg subcutaneously once weekly.[62883]

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Prior to initiation of treatment

Check the patient's absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count, and liver function tests (ALT/AST concentrations) before tocilizumab initiation. For COVID-19 patients, it is recommended tocilizumab not be initiated if ANC less than 1,000 cells/mm3, platelet count less than 50,000 cells/mm3, or ALT or AST greater than 10-times the upper limit of normal (ULN); however, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 guidelines recommend caution in patients with an ANC less than 500 cells/mm3, platelet count less than 50,000 cells/mm3, or ALT greater than 5-times the upper limit normal.[65314] For all other patients, tocilizumab is not recommended for an ANC less than 2,000 cells/mm3, a platelet count less than 100,000 cells/mm3, or an ALT or AST greater than 1.5-times the upper limit of normal (ULN). In patients with severe or life-threatening cytokine releasing syndrome (CRS) who also have cytopenias and/or elevated hepatic enzymes due to lymphodepleting chemotherapy or the CRS, consider the potential benefit of treating the CRS versus the risks of short-term treatment with tocilizumab.[38283]

 

Dosage modifications for adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 500 to 1,000 cells/mm3: Hold tocilizumab and restart when ANC more than 1,000 cells/mm3 with IV dosing at 4 mg/kg with an increase to 8 mg/kg as clinically appropriate every 4 weeks or subcutaneous dosing at every other week with an increase to weekly as clinically appropriate.

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 500 cells/mm3: Discontinue tocilizumab.

Platelet count 50,000 to 100,000 cells/mm3: Hold tocilizumab and restart when platelet count is greater than 100,000/mm3 with IV dosing at 4 mg/kg with an increase to 8 mg/kg as clinically appropriate every 4 weeks or subcutaneous dosing at every other week with an increase to weekly as clinically appropriate.

Platelet count less than 50,000 cells/mm3: Discontinue tocilizumab.

Hepatic enzyme abnormalities: Dosage interruption or modifications are recommended based on the degree of abnormality occurring during treatment, as evidenced by the degree of AST/ALT elevations above the upper limit of normal (ULN).[38283]

 

Dosage modifications for adult patients with giant cell arteritis

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 500 to 1,000 cells/mm3: Hold tocilizumab and restart when ANC more than 1,000 cells/mm3 with IV dosing at 6 mg/kg every 4 weeks or subcutaneous dosing at every other week with an increase to weekly as clinically appropriate.

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 500 cells/mm3: Discontinue tocilizumab.

Platelet count 50,000 to 100,000 cells/mm3: Hold tocilizumab and restart when platelet count is greater than 100,000/mm3 with IV dosing at 6 mg/kg every 4 weeks or subcutaneous dosing at every other week with an increase to weekly as clinically appropriate.

Platelet count less than 50,000 cells/mm3: Discontinue tocilizumab.

Hepatic enzyme abnormalities: Dosage interruption or modifications are recommended based on the degree of abnormality occurring during treatment, as evidenced by the degree of AST/ALT elevations above the upper limit of normal (ULN).[38283]

 

Pediatric Patients

  • Tocilizumab dose reduction has not been studied in the systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA) population.
  • Tocilizumab dose interruptions are recommended for low neutrophil counts and low platelet counts in patients with SJIA or PJIA at levels similar to what is outlined for adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. If appropriate, concomitant methotrexate and/or other medications should be dose-modified or stopped and tocilizumab dosing interrupted until the clinical situation has been evaluated. In SJIA and PJIA, base the decision to discontinue tocilizumab for a laboratory abnormality upon the medical assessment of the individual patient.[38283]

Maximum Dosage Limits

  • Adults

    Rheumatoid arthritis, weighing more than 100 kg: 800 mg per dose IV or 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Rheumatoid arthritis, weighing 100 kg or less: 8 mg/kg per dose IV or 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Giant cell arteritis, weighing more than 100 kg: 600 mg per dose IV or 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Giant cell arteritis, weighing 100 kg or less: 6 mg/kg per dose IV or 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), weighing 30 kg or more: 800 mg per dose IV.

    CRS, weighing less than 30 kg: 12 mg/kg IV.

    COVID-19, weighing more than 100 kg: 800 mg per dose IV.

    COVID-19, weighing 100 kg or less: 8 mg/kg per dose IV.

  • Geriatric

    Rheumatoid arthritis, weighing more than 100 kg: 800 mg per dose IV or 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Rheumatoid arthritis, weighing 100 kg or less: 8 mg/kg per dose IV or 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Giant cell arteritis, weighing more than 100 kg: 600 mg per dose IV or 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Giant cell arteritis, weighing 100 kg or less: 6 mg/kg per dose IV or 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), weighing 30 kg or more: 800 mg per dose IV.

    CRS, weighing less than 30 kg: 12 mg/kg IV.

    COVID-19, weighing more than 100 kg: 800 mg per dose IV.

    COVID-19, weighing 100 kg or less: 8 mg/kg per dose IV.

  • Adolescents

    Weighing 30 kg or more: 8 mg/kg per dose IV and 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    Weighing less than 30 kg: 12 mg/kg per dose IV for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS); 10 mg/kg per dose IV for polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA); 162 mg per dose subcutaneously for SJIA and PJIA.

    COVID-19 per the Emergency Use Authorization, weighing more than 100 kg: 800 mg per dose IV.

    COVID-19 per the Emergency Use Authorization, weighing 30 to 100 kg: 8 mg/kg per dose IV.

    COVID-19 per the Emergency Use Authorization, weighing less than 30 kg: 12 mg/kg per dose IV.

  • Children

    2 to 12 years weighing 30 kg or more: 8 mg/kg per dose IV and 162 mg per dose subcutaneously.

    2 to 12 years weighing less than 30 kg: 12 mg/kg per dose IV for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS); 10 mg/kg per dose IV for polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA); 162 mg per dose subcutaneously for SJIA and PJIA.

    COVID-19 per the Emergency Use Authorization, 2 to 12 years weighing more than 100 kg: 800 mg per dose IV.

    COVID-19 per the Emergency Use Authorization, 2 to 12 years weighing 30 to 100 kg: 8 mg/kg per dose IV.

    COVID-19 per the Emergency Use Authorization, 2 to 12 years weighing less than 30 kg: 12 mg/kg per dose IV.

    Less than 2 years: Safety and efficacy have not been established.

  • Infants

    Safety and efficacy have not been established.

  • Neonates

    Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Patients with Hepatic Impairment Dosing

Prior to treatment initiation

For COVID-19 patients, it is recommended tocilizumab not be initiated if ALT or AST are greater than 10-times the upper limit of normal (ULN); however, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 guidelines recommend caution in patients with an ALT greater than 5-times the ULN.[65314] For all other patients, do not initiate treatment with tocilizumab if active liver disease or hepatic impairment is present, or if baseline AST or ALT is more than 1.5-times the ULN. Although, patients with severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) frequently have elevated ALT or AST; the decision to administer tocilizumab should take into account the potential benefit of treating the CRS versus the risks of short-term treatment with tocilizumab.[38283]

 

Hepatic enzyme elevations that occur during treatment

Adult Patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease with hepatic impairment[38283]

AST and/or ALT of more than 1 times and up to 3 times the ULN:

  • Dose modify concomitant DMARDs (RA, SSc-ILD) or immunomodulatory agents, if appropriate.
  • For persistent increases in this range:
    • Intravenous dosing: For persistent increases in this range, reduce IV tocilizumab dose to 4 mg/kg every 4 weeks or hold tocilizumab dosing until AST and/or ALT have normalized.
    • Subcutaneous dosing: Reduce subcutaneous dosing interval to every other week or hold tocilizumab dosing until AST and/or ALT have normalized. Once ALT and/or AST have normalized, resume subcutaneous injection at every other week dosing and increase to once weekly as clinically appropriate.

AST and/or ALT more than 3 times and up to 5 times the ULN:

  • Interrupt tocilizumab dosing until AST and/or ALT is less than 3 times the ULN and then follow dosing recommendations for AST and/or ALT more than 1 to 3 times ULN.
  • For persistent increases of more than 3 times the ULN, discontinue tocilizumab.

AST and/or ALT greater than 5 times the ULN: Discontinue tocilizumab.

 

Adult Patients with giant cell arteritis with hepatic impairment[38283]

AST and/or ALT of more than 1 times and up to 3 times the ULN:

  • Dose modify concomitant immunomodulatory agents, if appropriate.
  • For persistent increases in this range:
    • Intravenous dosing: For persistent increases in this range, hold IV tocilizumab dosing until AST and/or ALT have normalized.
    • Subcutaneous dosing: Reduce subcutaneous dosing interval to every other week or hold tocilizumab dosing until AST and/or ALT have normalized. Once ALT and/or AST have normalized, resume subcutaneous injection at every other week dosing and increase to once weekly as clinically appropriate.

AST and/or ALT more than 3 times and up to 5 times the ULN:

  • Interrupt tocilizumab dosing until AST and/or ALT is less than 3 times the ULN and then follow dosing recommendations for AST and/or ALT more than 1 to 3 times ULN.
  • For persistent increases of more than 3 times the ULN, discontinue tocilizumab.

AST and/or ALT greater than 5 times the ULN: Discontinue tocilizumab.

 

-Pediatric Patients with hepatic impairment[38283]

Tocilizumab dose reduction has not been studied in the systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA) population. Tocilizumab dose interruptions are recommended for liver enzyme abnormalities in patients with SJIA or PJIA at levels similar to what is outlined for adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell arteritis. If appropriate, adjust or stop concomitant DMARDs and hold tocilizumab dosing until the clinical situation has been evaluated. In SJIA and PJIA, base the decision to discontinue tocilizumab upon the medical assessment of the individual patient and the laboratory abnormality involved.

Patients with Renal Impairment Dosing

CrCl 30 mL/minute or more: No dosage adjustment is needed.

CrCl less than 30 mL/minute: Tocilizumab has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment.[38283]

† Off-label indication
Revision Date: 03/11/2024, 09:52:30 AM

References

38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.62882 - Elhai M, Meunier M, Matucci-Cerinic M, et al. Outcomes of patients with systemic sclerosis-assoicated polyarthritis and myopathy treated with tocilizumab or abatacept: a EUSTAR observational study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:1217-1220.62883 - Khanna D, Denton CP, Jahreis A, et al. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab in adults with systemic sclerosis (faSScinate): a phase 2, randomized, controlled trial. Lancet 2016;387:2630-40.65314 - COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. Accessed March 1, 2024. Available at https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/66757 - Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use authorization for Actemra (tocilizumab). Retrieved December 22, 2022. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.fda.gov/media/150321/download?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery.69541 - Tofidence (tocilizumab-bavi) injection package insert. Cambridge, MA: Biogen MA, Inc.; 2023 Sept.70425 - Tyenne (tocilizumab-aazg) injection package insert. Lake Zurich, IL; Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC.; 2024 Mar.

How Supplied

Tocilizumab Solution for injection

Actemra 200mg/10mL Solution for Injection (50242-0136) (Genentech Inc) null

Tocilizumab Solution for injection

Actemra 400mg/20mL Solution for Injection (50242-0137) (Genentech Inc) null

Tocilizumab Solution for injection

Actemra 80mg/4mL Solution for Injection (50242-0135) (Genentech Inc) null

Tocilizumab Solution for injection

Actemra 162mg/0.9mL Solution for Injection (50242-0138) (Genentech Inc) nullActemra 162mg/0.9mL Solution for Injection package photo

Tocilizumab Solution for injection

Actemra ACTPen 162mg/0.9mL Solution for Injection (50242-0143) (Genentech Inc) nullActemra ACTPen 162mg/0.9mL Solution for Injection package photo

Description/Classification

Description

Tocilizumab is a humanized interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor-inhibiting monoclonal antibody produced in mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cells. It is FDA approved to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), polyarticular and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA and sJIA), giant cell arteritis (GCA or temporal arteritis), systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Tocilizumab labeling carries a boxed warning regarding the risk for serious infections that may lead to hospitalization or death; live vaccines should not be administered with tocilizumab. Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and death, have also been reported with tocilizumab therapy.[38283] In patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, IL-6 concentrations correlate with disease activity and joint or tissue damage. In adults, tocilizumab is FDA approved for the treatment of moderate to severe RA after inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In adults with RA tocilizumab improves clinical signs and symptoms, inhibits the radiographic progression of structural joint damage, and improves health status. In pediatric patients 2 years of age and older, tocilizumab is approved for pJIA and sJIA. In adult and pediatric patients with inflammatory arthritis conditions, tocilizumab is often considered as an alternative to TNF-blockers or may be used when TNF-blockers have failed to produce adequate responses. For RA, pJIA, and sJIA, tocilizumab may be used alone or in combination with methotrexate; in treating adult RA, other non-biologic DMARDs may also be used concurrently. The ideal combination of therapy for individual patients with inflammatory arthritis conditions is determined by treat to target strategies and severity of disease.[38283][56233][61404] In adults, tocilizumab has proven effective for GCA, where it is used initially with a tapering dose of corticosteroids. In adult and pediatric patients 2 years and older, the drug is approved for severe or life-threatening CRS due to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell treatment. Tocilizumab is also approved to slow the rate of decline in pulmonary function in adults with SSc-ILD. For COVID-19, the drug is FDA approved for use in hospitalized adults who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).[38283] Although not FDA approved for use in pediatric patients with COVID-19, the FDA has issued an Emergency Use Authorization which allows for tocilizumab to be used to treat COVID-19 in hospitalized pediatric patients (2 to 17 years) who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation (invasive or noninvasive), or ECMO.[66757]

 

For COVID-19, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has issued the following recommendations for the use of tocilizumab based on disease severity:[65314]

Adult patients

  • The NIH recommends tocilizumab for use in combination with dexamethasone (with or without remdesivir) to treat hospitalized patients requiring conventional oxygen, IF the patient is exhibiting signs of systemic inflammation and rapidly increasing oxygen needs while on dexamethasone.
  • The NIH recommends tocilizumab (as a preferred alternative to baricitinib) for use in combination with dexamethasone (with or without remdesivir) to treat all hospitalized patients requiring high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation.
  • The NIH recommends tocilizumab for use in combination with dexamethasone to treat all hospitalized patients requiring mechanical ventilation or ECMO.
  • The NIH recommends against the use of tocilizumab in combination with baricitinib due to the increased risk for immunosuppression and infection.

Pediatric patients

  • The NIH recommends consideration of the addition of tocilizumab for pediatric patients requiring high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or ECMO who do not have rapid (e.g., within 24 hours) improvement in oxygenation after initiation of dexamethasone. Remdesivir may be added for patients requiring high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation.

Classifications

  • Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
    • Agents that Suppress the Immune System
      • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Inhibitors
  • Musculo-Skeletal System
    • Antiinflammatory Agents and Antirheumatic Agents
      • Specific Anti-Rheumatic Agents
        • Anti-Rheumatic Monoclonal Antibodies
Revision Date: 10/13/2023, 10:47:36 AM

References

38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.56233 - Singh JA, Furst DE, Bharat A, et al. 2012 Update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology Recommendations for the Use of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care & Research 2012;64(5):625-639.61404 - Beukelman T, Patkar NM, Saag KG, et al. 2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: initiation and safety monitoring of therapeutic agents for the treatment of arthritis and systemic features. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63:465-482. Review.65314 - COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. Accessed March 1, 2024. Available at https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/66757 - Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use authorization for Actemra (tocilizumab). Retrieved December 22, 2022. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.fda.gov/media/150321/download?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery.

Administration Information

General Administration Information

For storage information, see the specific product information within the How Supplied section.

 

COVID-19 per the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA):

NOTE: Tocilizumab is not FDA-approved to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients; however, the FDA has issued an EUA which allows for the drug to be used to treat COVID-19 in hospitalized pediatric patients (2 to 17 years) who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation (invasive or noninvasive), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Under the EUA, healthcare providers are required to communicate to the patient, parent, or caregiver information consistent with the "Fact Sheet for Patients, Parents and Caregivers" prior to the patient receiving treatment. If provision of this information delays treatment to the degree that would endanger the lives of patients, then the information must be provided as soon as practical following tocilizumab administration.

NOTE: Under the EUA, healthcare providers are required to report all medication errors and serious adverse events potentially related to tocilizumab therapy within 7 calendar days from the healthcare provider's awareness of the event.[66757]

Route-Specific Administration

Injectable Administration

  • Visually inspect parenteral products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Tocilizumab is a clear to opalescent and colorless to pale yellow liquid. Do not use if particulates or discolorations are noted.
  • The prefilled syringe and the autoinjector are ONLY for subcutaneous injection use.
  • The vial is ONLY for use in preparing an intravenous infusion.[38283][69541][70425]

Intravenous Administration

  • Administer intravenous infusions under the supervision of a qualified health professional. Have appropriate medical treatment available for immediate use in the event of a serious hypersensitivity reaction.
  • The drug must be diluted as an infusion prior to use. Do not administer as an intravenous push or bolus.[38283][66757][69541][70425]

 

Infusion Preparation

  • Compatible infusion solutions for preparation: 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection (Actemra only) or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection.
  • A sterile needle and syringe should be utilized to prepare the solution.
  • Utilize a 50 mL infusion bag or bottle for patients who weigh less than 30 kg. Utilize a 100 mL infusion bag or bottle for patients who weigh at least 30 kg.
  • From a 50 mL or 100 mL infusion bag or bottle, withdraw a volume of the diluent equal to the volume of the tocilizumab solution required for the patient's dose.
  • Each tocilizumab vial contains a 20 mg/mL solution.
    • For a 4 mg/kg dose, 0.2 mL/kg of tocilizumab is needed.
    • For a 6 mg/kg dose, 0.3 mL/kg is needed.
    • For an 8 mg/kg dose, 0.4 mL/kg is needed.
    • For a 10 mg/kg dose, 0.5 mL/kg is needed.
    • For a 12 mg/kg dose, 0.6 mL/kg is needed.
  • Withdraw the amount of tocilizumab for intravenous infusion from the vial(s) and slowly add to the infusion bag or bottle.
  • Gently invert the bag to mix and to avoid foaming.
  • Compatibility varies based on which product is used.
    • Actemra - Fully diluted tocilizumab solutions from Actemra are compatible with polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride infusion bags and polypropylene, polyethylene, and glass infusion bottles.
    • Tofidence - Fully diluted tocilizumab solutions from Tofidence are compatible with infusion bags and infusion sets made from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyethersulfone, polyurethane, nylon, and stainless steel.
    • Tyenne - Fully diluted tocilizumab solutions from Tyenne are compatible with polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride infusion bags and bottles, and glass infusion bottles.
  • Storage: Storage requirements vary based on which product is used.
    • Actemra - The fully diluted tocilizumab solutions from Actemra using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection may be stored at 2 to 8 degrees C (36 to 46 degrees F) or room temperature for up to 24 hours and should be protected from light. The fully diluted tocilizumab solutions from Actemra using 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection may be stored at 2 to 8 degrees C (36 to 46 degrees F) for up to 24 hours or at room temperature for up to 4 hours and should be protected from light. Do not freeze.
    • Tofidence - The fully diluted tocilizumab solution from Tofidence using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection may be stored at 2 to 8 degrees C (36 to 46 degrees F) for up to 24 hours or at room temperature of 20 to 25 degrees C (68 to 77 degrees F) for up to 12 hours and should be protected from light.
    • Tyenne - The fully diluted tocilizumab solutions from Tyenne may be stored at 2 to 8 degrees C (36 to 46 degrees F) for up to 24 hours or at room temperature at or below 25 degrees C (77 degrees F) for up to 4 hours and should be protected from light.
  • Do not use any unused product remaining in vials; tocilizumab does not contain preservatives.[38283][66757][69541][70425]

 

Intravenous Infusion Administration

  • Prior to infusion, allow the fully diluted tocilizumab infusion to reach room temperature.
  • Administer as an intravenous infusion over 60 minutes with an infusion set.
  • Do not infuse tocilizumab concomitantly in the same intravenous line with other drugs. No physical or biochemical compatibility studies have been conducted to evaluate the coadministration of tocilizumab with other drugs.[38283][66757][69541][70425]

Subcutaneous Administration

General information

  • Administer the first injection of tocilizumab under the supervision of a qualified health professional. Have appropriate medical treatment available for immediate use in the event of a serious hypersensitivity reaction.
  • Assess the suitability of the patient for home use after the first dose. Patients should inform their provider before administering the next dose if they experience any symptoms of an allergic reaction. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they develop symptoms of serious allergic reactions.
  • After the first dose, the subcutaneous injection may subsequently be given by the patient or patient's caregiver after proper training in injection technique, and a healthcare practitioner determines that it is appropriate.
  • Pediatric patients may self-inject with the prefilled syringe or autoinjector if both the healthcare practitioner and the parent/legal guardian determines it is appropriate.[38283][70425]

 

Prefilled Syringe:

  • Remove the prefilled syringe from the refrigerator and allow it to sit at room temperature outside of the carton for 30 minutes. Do not warm tocilizumab in any other way.
  • Pick an injection site such as the front of a thigh, the outer area of an upper arm, or the abdomen except for the 2-inch area around the navel. Do not inject into moles, scars, or areas where the skin is tender, bruised, red, hard, or not intact.
  • Rotate injection sites with each injection. Inject at least 1 inch from the last area injected.
  • Remove the needle cap immediately before injection, and gently pinch a cleaned area of skin. Using a dart-like motion, insert the needle at a 45-degree or 90-degree angle. Release the pinched skin, and gently push the plunger all the way down to inject the full amount in the prefilled syringe (0.9 mL), which provides 162 mg of tocilizumab.
  • The prefilled syringe is for single-use only, as it does not have a preservative.
  • Remove the needle from the skin while continuing the depress the plunger. After the needle is completely removed, release the plunger, which will allow the needle-shield to protect the needle. Do not rub the injection site.
  • Dispose of needles and syringes in an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container right away after use.[38283][70425]

 

Autoinjector:

  • Remove the autoinjector from the refrigerator and allow it to sit at room temperature outside of the carton for 45 minutes. Do not warm tocilizumab in any other way.
  • Do not use the autoinjector if it has been dropped or appears damaged.
  • Pick an injection site such as the front of a thigh, the outer area of an upper arm, or the abdomen except for the 2-inch area around the navel. Do not inject into moles, scars, or areas where the skin is tender, bruised, red, hard, or not intact.
  • Do not auto inject through clothing.
  • Rotate injection sites with each injection. Inject at least 1 inch from the last area injected.
  • Remove the needle cap immediately before injection.
  • For Actemra:
    • Gently pinch a cleaned area of skin. Place the needle-shield at a 90-degree angle against the pinched skin.
    • Unlock the green activation button by firmly pressing the autoinjector against the pinched skin, then press the green button to start the injection. Continue to hold the autoinjector firmly against the pinched skin until the purple indicator stops moving and the full dose administered; the complete injection may take up to 10 seconds.
    • Release the green button and lift the autoinjector off the skin at a 90-degree angle.
  • For Tyenne:
    • Do not pinch the skin. Place the needle cover flat against the skin at a 90-degree angle.
    • In a single motion, push and hold the autoinjector firmly until you hear a first click. The orange plunger rod will move through the window. Continue to hold the autoinjector in place until you hear a second click (up to 10 seconds). Slowly count to 5 after hearing the second click. Check the window to ensure the orange plunger rod has fully appeared in the viewing window and has stopped moving.
    • Lift the autoinjector straight away from the skin.
  • The autoinjector is for single-use only, as it does not have a preservative. Dispose of needles and syringes in an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container right away after use.[38283][70425]

Clinical Pharmaceutics Information

From Trissel's 2‚Ñ¢ Clinical Pharmaceutics Database

Tocilizumab

pH Range
pH near 6.5 (vial). pH near 6.0 (prefilled syringe)
ReferencesActemra (tocilizumab) package insert. South San Francisco, CA. Genentech, Inc. 2022; Dec
    Revision Date: 03/11/2024, 09:58:03 AMCopyright 2004-2024 by Lawrence A. Trissel. All Rights Reserved.

    References

    38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.66757 - Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use authorization for Actemra (tocilizumab). Retrieved December 22, 2022. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.fda.gov/media/150321/download?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery.69541 - Tofidence (tocilizumab-bavi) injection package insert. Cambridge, MA: Biogen MA, Inc.; 2023 Sept.70425 - Tyenne (tocilizumab-aazg) injection package insert. Lake Zurich, IL; Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC.; 2024 Mar.

    Adverse Reactions

    Moderate

    • antibody formation
    • candidiasis
    • constipation
    • dyspnea
    • elevated hepatic enzymes
    • gastritis
    • hepatitis
    • hypercholesterolemia
    • hyperlipidemia
    • hypertension
    • hypertriglyceridemia
    • hypokalemia
    • hypotension
    • infusion-related reactions
    • jaundice
    • neutropenia
    • oral ulceration
    • peripheral neuropathy
    • thrombocytopenia

    Mild

    • abdominal pain
    • anxiety
    • arthralgia
    • cough
    • diarrhea
    • dizziness
    • fatigue
    • headache
    • infection
    • injection site reaction
    • insomnia
    • nausea
    • pharyngitis
    • pruritus
    • rash
    • urticaria
    • weakness

    Severe

    • anaphylactic shock
    • anaphylactoid reactions
    • angioedema
    • GI perforation
    • hepatic failure
    • hepatotoxicity
    • macrophage activation syndrome
    • new primary malignancy
    • optic neuritis
    • pancreatitis
    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
    • visual impairment

    Tocilizumab recipients are at increased risk for developing serious infections that may lead to hospitalization or death. Severe and sometimes fatal infections due to bacterial, mycobacterial, invasive fungal, viral, protozoal, or other opportunistic pathogens have been reported in patients receiving immunosuppressive agents including tocilizumab. During and after treatment with tocilizumab, closely monitor all patients for the development of signs and symptoms of infection including the possible development of tuberculosis (TB) in patients who tested negative for latent TB infection before tocilizumab use. If a serious infection develops, interrupt tocilizumab until the infection is controlled. Carefully consider the risks and benefits of continued tocilizumab therapy in patients with chronic or recurrent infection. Infections of various types were reported during clinical trials with tocilizumab. In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, rates of infection and serious infection among those who received 8 mg/kg tocilizumab (n = 974) was 30% and 19%, respectively, as compared to 32% and 23%, respectively, in patients who received placebo (n = 483). Urinary tract infections were reported in 5% of tocilizumab treated patients and 4% of placebo patients. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, upper respiratory tract infection occurred in 7% of patients receiving tocilizumab 8 mg/kg, in 6% of those receiving tocilizumab 4 mg/kg plus DMARDs, and in 8% of patients who received tocilizumab 8 mg/kg plus DMARDs. Naso-pharyngitis was reported in 4% to 7% of patients, and bronchitis was reported in 3% to 4% of patients. The rate of serious infections in the adult tocilizumab 4 mg/kg plus DMARD group was 4.4 events per 100 patient-years, and in the 8 mg/kg plus DMARD group, the rate was 5.3 events per 100 patient-years. Among pediatric patients who received tocilizumab, the rate of serious infections was 11.5 per 100 patient-years for those with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 12.2 per 100 patient-years for those with polyarticular JIA and weight less than 30 kg, and 4 per 100 patient-years for those with polyarticular JIA and a weight of 30 kg or more. There is an overall higher incidence of infections in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) compared to those with rheumatoid arthritis. The rate of infection or serious infection was 200.2/9.7 events per 100 patient-years in the weekly tocilizumab group and 160.2/4.4 events per 100 patient-years in the tocilizumab every other week group compared to 156/4.2 events per 100 patient-years in the placebo group receiving a 26-week prednisone taper and 210.2/12.5 events per 100 patient-years in the placebo group receiving a 52-week prednisone taper. The rate of serious infections in a cardiovascular outcomes study was 4.5 per 100 patient-years with tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV, with or without DMARDs, every 4 weeks compared to 3.2 per 100 patient-years with etanercept 50 mg subcutaneously, with or without DMARDs. During clinical trials for any indication, the most common serious infections included pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, herpes zoster, gastroenteritis, diverticulitis, sepsis, otitis media, and bacterial arthritis. Among opportunistic infections, tuberculosis (pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease), cryptococcus infection, aspergillosis, candidiasis, and pneumocystosis were reported with tocilizumab. Patients who presented with disseminated rather than localized disease and were often taking concomitant immunosuppressants such as methotrexate or corticosteroids. Viral reactivation has been reported with immunosuppressive biologic therapies and cases of herpes zoster exacerbation were observed in tocilizumab clinical studies. No cases of hepatitis B reactivation were observed in the trials; however, patients who screened positive for hepatitis were excluded.[38283]

    Gastrointestinal perforation primarily as a complication of diverticulitis was reported in clinical trials. The overall rate of GI perforation with IV tocilizumab was 0.26 events per 100 patient years. Most patients who developed gastrointestinal perforations were taking concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, or methotrexate. The relative contribution of tocilizumab to the development of gastrointestinal perforations is unknown. Upper abdominal pain occurred in 2% of 288 patients who got tocilizumab 8 mg/kg, in 3% of 774 patients who got tocilizumab 4 mg/kg plus DMARDS, and in 3% of 1582 patients who got tocilizumab 8 mg/kg plus DMARDS. Gastritis occurred in 1% of 288 patients who got tocilizumab 8 mg/kg, in 1% of 774 patients who got tocilizumab 4 mg/kg plus DMARDS, and in 2% of 1582 patients who got tocilizumab 8 mg/kg plus DMARDS. Oral ulceration occurred in 2% of 288 patients who got tocilizumab 8 mg/kg, in 1% of 774 patients who got tocilizumab 4 mg/kg plus DMARDS, and in 2% of 1582 patients who got tocilizumab 8 mg/kg plus DMARDS. Use tocilizumab cautiously in patients who may be at increased risk for gastrointestinal perforation. Promptly evaluate patients presenting with new onset abdominal symptoms for early identification of gastrointestinal perforation.[38283]

    Tocilizumab may cause neutropenia, and patient's neutrophil counts need to be assessed before and during drug receipt. Pooled safety data from adults hospitalized with COVID-19, found 3.4% of patients who received 8 mg/kg tocilizumab (n = 974) had neutrophil counts below 1,000/mm3 as compared to 0.5% of patients who received placebo (n = 483). In the 6-month, controlled clinical studies for rheumatoid arthritis, decreases in neutrophil counts below 1,000/mm3 occurred in 1.8% of patients who received tocilizumab 4 mg/kg/dose and in 3.4% of patients who received tocilizumab 8 mg/kg/dose as compared with 0.1% of patients who received placebo. Decreases in neutrophil counts below 500/mm3 occurred in 0.4% of patients who received tocilizumab 4 mg/kg/dose and in 0.3% of patients who received tocilizumab 8 mg/kg/dose as compared with 0.1% of patients who received placebo. Approximately half of the instances of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 1,000/mm3 occurred within 8 weeks of starting tocilizumab. After subcutaneous tocilizumab receipt, 2.9% to 3.7% of tocilizumab recipients had a neutrophil count below 1,000/mm3. Among pediatric patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA), 3.7% receiving IV treatment and 15.4% receiving subcutaneous treatment had a neutrophil count below 1,000/mm3 whereas 7% of patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) did (vs. none in the placebo group). Of note, neutropenia was more frequently observed in patients weighing less than 30 kg (25.9%) than those weighing 30 kg or more (4%) in the subcutaneous administration group. Over an average duration of 73 weeks, a decreased neutrophil count occurred in 17% of tocilizumab recipients. Infections have been uncommonly reported in association with treatment-related neutropenia in long-term extension studies and postmarketing clinical experience, and no clear relationship between decreases in neutrophils below 1,000/mm3 and the occurrence of serious infections was noted. Among healthy patients who received tocilizumab 2 to 28 mg/kg/dose, the ANC nadir occurred 3 to 5 days after tocilizumab receipt. Neutrophils then recovered towards baseline in a dose dependent manner. A similar pattern of ANC after tocilizumab receipt was noted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.[38283]

    Tocilizumab may cause thrombocytopenia, and patient's platelet counts need to be assessed before and during drug receipt. Pooled safety data from adults hospitalized with COVID-19, found 3.2% of patients who received 8 mg/kg tocilizumab (n = 974) had platelet counts below 50,000/mm3 as compared to 1.5% of patients who received placebo (n = 483). In the 6-month, controlled clinical studies for rheumatoid arthritis, decreases in platelet counts below 100,000/mm3 occurred in 1.3% of patients who received tocilizumab 4 mg/kg and in 1.7% of patients who received tocilizumab 8 mg/kg as compared with 0.5% of patients who received placebo. Among patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA), 1% had decreases in platelet count of 50,000/mm3 or less. Of patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA), decreases in platelet count of no more than 100,000/mm3 were noted in 1% of tocilizumab recipients and in 3% of placebo recipients at the end of the 12-week control phase. Over an average duration of 73 weeks, 4% of tocilizumab recipients had a decreased platelet count. Treatment-related reduction in platelets was not associated with serious bleeding events in clinical trials.[38283]

    Serious cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported with intravenous and subcutaneous tocilizumab therapy; some of these cases resulted in hepatic failure, liver transplant, or death. A majority of the cases presented with elevated hepatic enzymes more than 5-times the upper limit of normal (ULN); however, other cases presented with mild elevations along with signs and symptoms of liver impairment. The time to onset ranged from weeks to years following initiation of tocilizumab therapy, with a median latency of 98 days. Hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and jaundice have been reported with postmarketing use of tocilizumab. Patients should have liver function tests (LFTs) monitored during tocilizumab treatment. Check LFTs before tocilizumab receipt, 4 to 8 weeks after the start of therapy for the first 6 months, and then every 3 months thereafter in adult patients. For pediatric patients with either polyarticular or systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA or SJIA), monitor LFTs at the time of the second infusion and then every 4 to 8 weeks for PJIA and every 2 to 4 weeks for SJIA.[38283] [65165] In the 6-month, controlled clinical studies for rheumatoid arthritis, 36% of patients who received tocilizumab 8 mg/kg monotherapy developed an ALT up to 3-times the ULN and 22% experienced AST levels up to 3-times the ULN. Increases in ALT greater than 3- to-5 times ULN occurred in 1%, and increases in ALT of more than 5-times ULN occurred in 0.7%. In a study of 1,538 patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, 5.3% and 2.2% of patients developed ALT or AST elevations more than 3-times the ULN, respectively. In addition, one patient developed serious drug-induced hepatitis with hyperbilirubinemia. Increased frequency and magnitude of transaminase elevations were observed when potentially hepatotoxic drugs were used in combination with tocilizumab. For example, among 1,582 patients who received 8 mg/kg tocilizumab plus DMARDs, increases in ALT up to 3-times ULN, greater than 3- to 5-times the ULN, and greater than 5-times the ULN occurred in 48%, 5%, and 1.5% of patients, respectively. Modification of the treatment regimen, such as a reduction in the concomitant DMARD dose, tocilizumab interruption, or tocilizumab dose reduction resulted in a decrease or normalization of liver enzymes. Among pediatric patients with PJIA, 4% had ALT levels 3-times ULN or greater, and less than 1% had AST levels 3-times ULN or greater. Among patients with SJIA, 5% had ALT levels 3-times ULN or greater, and 3% had AST levels greater than 3-times ULN. Over an average duration of 73 weeks in the SJIA extension study, ALT levels 3-times ULN or higher were noted in 13%, and AST levels 3-times ULN or greater were noted in 5%. Among adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis, increases in ALT levels 3-times ULN or greater were noted in 6.5% of weekly subcutaneous tocilizumab recipients and in 3.4% of every other week recipients. In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, 11.7% of patients who received 8 mg/kg of tocilizumab (n = 974) and 9.9% of patients who received placebo (n = 483) had ALT or AST levels at or above 5-times the ULN. Of note, elevated ALT or AST levels may occur in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and multi-organ failure with involvement of the liver is recognized as a complication of severe COVID-19.[38283]

    Tocilizumab may cause hyperlipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and patient's lipid parameters need to be assessed during drug receipt. In clinical trials, lipid parameters were first assessed 6 weeks after tocilizumab initiation. Increases in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides were noted at this time point, but the concentrations remained stable with continued tocilizumab receipt. Triglyceride concentrations greater than 500 mg/dL were rarely observed. In regard to hypercholesterolemia, the mean LDL increase from baseline to week 24 was 25 mg/dL among recipients of tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV as monotherapy. The mean HDL increase was 4 mg/dL, and the mean LDL/HDL ratio increased by 0.26. ApoB/ApoA1 ratios were essentially unchanged, and elevated lipids responded to lipid-lowering agents. After SC tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis, sustained elevations in total cholesterol more than 240 mg/dL were noted in 19% of weekly tocilizumab recipients, in 19.6% of every other week tocilizumab recipients, and in 10.2% of placebo recipients. Among patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 1.5% of tocilizumab recipients had a total cholesterol concentration more than 1.5 to 2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) as compared with none of the placebo recipients.  Assess lipid parameters approximately 4 to 8 weeks after tocilizumab initiation. Subsequently, it is recommended to manage patients according to clinical guidelines [e.g., National Cholesterol Educational Program (NCEP)] for the management of hyperlipidemia.[38283]

    Tocilizumab may increase the risk of a new primary malignancy. Tocilizumab is an immunosuppressant, and treatment with immunosuppressants may result in an increased risk of cancer. Malignancies were observed in clinical studies for rheumatoid arthritis, but the impact of tocilizumab receipt on the development of malignancies is not known. Over 6 months, 15 malignancies were diagnosed in tocilizumab IV recipients as compared with 8 malignancies in patients in the control groups. Exposure-adjusted incidence was similar in the tocilizumab groups (1.32 events per 100 patient-years) and in the placebo plus DMARD group (1.37 events per 100 patient-years). In the all-exposure population, the rate of malignancies remained consistent with the rate observed in the 24-week, controlled period.[38283]

    Postmarketing reports of anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, anaphylactoid reactions (such as angioedema), and death have occurred in patients receiving a range of IV tocilizumab doses, with or without concomitant arthritis therapies, and in patients who have received premedication. Stevens-Johnson syndrome also has been reported with the postmarketing use of IV tocilizumab. In clinical trials, anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity reactions requiring therapy discontinuation were generally observed during the second to fourth tocilizumab IV infusion and were reported in 0.1% of 2,644 patients in the 6-month, controlled trials and in 0.2% of 4,009 patients in the all-exposure population for rheumatoid arthritis. As a comparison, hypersensitivity reactions that required treatment discontinuation were reported in 0.7% of 1,068 patients in the subcutaneous 6-month controlled trials and in 0.7% of 1,465 patients in the subcutaneous all-exposure population for rheumatoid arthritis. For pediatric patients who received IV tocilizumab, none of the 188 patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and 0.9% of 112 patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis had hypersensitivity reactions that required treatment discontinuation. Six of 54 pediatric patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) developed a hypersensitivity reaction during or within 24 hours of an intravenous tocilizumab infusion; 3 were considered serious and removed from the study. Examples of reactions that required treatment discontinuation included generalized erythema, rash, and urticaria. Infusion-related reactions defined as events that occurred during or within 24 hours of tocilizumab receipt were noted in 4% to 20.2% of patients and consisted of hypertension, headache, nausea, hypotension, dizziness, rash, pruritus, urticaria, diarrhea, epigastric discomfort, and arthralgia. In clinical trials of IV tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis, rash occurred in 2% to 4% of patients, dyspnea or cough in less than 2%, hypertension in 4% to 6%, headache in 5% to 7%, and dizziness in 2% to 3%. Consider the diagnosis of hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis in any patient who has an infusion reaction. Only administer tocilizumab IV if appropriate medical support to manage anaphylaxis is available. Immediately stop the infusion and institute appropriate medical management if an anaphylactic or other serious hypersensitivity reaction occurs. For subcutaneous administration, instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention if they experience any symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction. Permanently discontinue tocilizumab if a hypersensitivity reaction occurs; tocilizumab is contraindicated for use by patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. Despite prompt medical intervention, a woman died within 24 hours of an anaphylactic event. She experienced lightheadedness and hypotension during her fourth tocilizumab infusion, which was stopped after her symptoms developed. During her fifth infusion 2 weeks later, she experienced dizziness and hypotension moments after the start of the infusion despite premedication with steroids and antihistamines. She became apneic and unresponsive before dying. If a hypersensitivity or infusion-related reaction occurs, please report the event to the manufacturer by calling 1-888-835-2555.[38283] [43101]

    A mild to moderate injection site reaction (7.1% to 10%) including erythema, pruritus, pain, and hematoma has been noted with subcutaneous tocilizumab administration in adult patients. As a comparison, 2.4% to 4.1% of subcutaneous placebo recipients had a local reaction. A higher frequency of injection site reaction (28.8% to 41.2%) was observed in pediatric patients receiving subcutaneous tocilizumab. All reactions were mild in severity, but, in the polyarticular arthritis group, occurred more commonly in patients weighing 30 kg or more (44%) compared to those weighing less than 30 kg (14.8%). The majority of injection site reactions resolved without any treatment, and none necessitated drug discontinuation.[38283]

    Tocilizumab may increase the risk of macrophage activation syndrome (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or MAS), which is a life-threatening disorder that may develop in patients with rheumatic conditions, especially systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). Limited data from clinical development experience do not suggest that tocilizumab increases the incidence of MAS; during clinical trials for SJIA, 3 cases were observed in 112 patients who received tocilizumab. Two patients had tocilizumab receipt interrupted, and one patient had tocilizumab discontinued for MAS. All three received treatment, and the MAS resolved without sequelae. Of note, infection is a trigger for MAS, and tocilizumab is associated with an increased risk of serious infections. Be attentive to symptoms of infection or worsening arthritis symptoms; SJIA worsening is also a trigger for macrophage activation syndrome.[38283] [54707]

    Antibody formation against tocilizumab occurred in 46 of 2,876 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1.6%) who received IV tocilizumab; 5 of the 46 had an associated, medically significant hypersensitivity reaction that led to tocilizumab withdrawal. Thirty adult patients developed neutralizing antibodies to tocilizumab. In polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis trials, 1 patient receiving IV tocilizumab and 3 patients receiving subcutaneous tocilizumab developed positive antibodies without developing a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction. Of the 2 patients in the systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) trials that developed positive antibodies, one patient experienced symptoms associated with an anaphylactic reaction (urticaria and angioedema) and the other developed macrophage activation syndrome; both patients discontinued therapy. After subcutaneous drug receipt, 0.9% of 1,454 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed anti-tocilizumab antibodies, and all but 1 patient also developed neutralizing antibodies. The rate is consistent with previous IV experience, and no correlation of antibody development to adverse events or loss of clinical response was observed. In the systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease studies, 3 of the 169 patients (1.8%) developed antibodies of neutralizing potential; none of the patients experienced hypersensitivity reactions.[38283]

    Pancreatitis has been reported with the postmarketing use of tocilizumab.[38283]

    Multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were reported rarely in clinical studies of tocilizumab. Closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms potentially indicative of demyelinating disorders, such as optic neuritis or other visual impairment, peripheral neuropathy (numbness or tingling), or unusual fatigue or weakness.[38283]

    Safety data are available from 974 hospitalized adults who received intravenous tocilizumab doses of 8 mg/kg (maximum dose of 800 mg) to treat COVID-19. Adverse events occurring in at least 3% of drug recipients included anxiety (4%), constipation (9%), diarrhea (4%), hypertension (4%), hypokalemia (4%), insomnia (4%), and nausea (3%).[38283] [66757]

    Revision Date: 12/22/2022, 03:32:20 PM

    References

    38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.43101 - Genentech Dear Healthcare Professional letter, September 2010. Important safety information regarding tocilizumab (Actemra/Roactemra).54707 - Kumar MK, Suresh MK, Dalus D. Macrophage activation syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 2006;54:238-40.65165 - Genentech Dear Healthcare Professional letter, June 2019. Important drug warning regarding tocilizumab (Actemra).66757 - Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use authorization for Actemra (tocilizumab). Retrieved December 22, 2022. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.fda.gov/media/150321/download?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery.

    Contraindications/Precautions

    Absolute contraindications are italicized.

    • breast-feeding
    • children
    • corticosteroid therapy
    • diabetes mellitus
    • diverticulitis
    • fungal infection
    • geriatric
    • GI perforation
    • hepatic disease
    • hepatitis
    • hepatitis B exacerbation
    • hepatotoxicity
    • human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
    • hypercholesterolemia
    • hyperlipidemia
    • hypertriglyceridemia
    • immunosuppression
    • infants
    • infection
    • influenza
    • jaundice
    • labor
    • multiple sclerosis
    • neonates
    • neoplastic disease
    • neurological disease
    • neutropenia
    • new primary malignancy
    • obstetric delivery
    • pregnancy
    • sepsis
    • surgery
    • thrombocytopenia
    • tuberculosis
    • vaccination

    Tocilizumab is contraindicated for use by patients with known hypersensitivity to tocilizumab. Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported in association with infusion of tocilizumab. Appropriate medical treatment should be available for immediate use in the event of an anaphylactic reaction during drug administration.[38283]

    Patients who receive tocilizumab are at increased risk for developing serious infections that may lead to hospitalization or death. Infections include active tuberculosis and invasive fungal infections including candidiasis, aspergillosis, and pneumocystis. Bacterial, viral, and other infections due to opportunistic pathogens have been reported. Most patients who developed serious infections were taking concomitant immunosuppressives such as methotrexate or corticosteroids. Cases of severe and disseminated strongyloidiasis have been reported following use of tocilizumab in combination with corticosteroids to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 treatment guidelines recommend administering ivermectin as prophylactic treatment before giving tocilizumab with a corticosteroid to patients from strongyloidiasis endemic areas.[65314] Patients who have surgery while taking tocilizumab may be at greater risk for postoperative infections. Patients with an invasive fungal infection may present with disseminated disease, and tuberculosis may present as pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease. Evaluate patients for tuberculosis risk factors before starting tocilizumab. Also, test patients for latent tuberculosis before and during tocilizumab receipt. In patients with COVID-19, testing for latent infection is not necessary prior to initiation of treatment with tocilizumab. Initiate treatment for latent infection before tocilizumab use. Consider anti-tuberculosis therapy prior to tocilizumab initiation for 2 patient groups: patients with a past history of latent or active tuberculosis in whom an adequate course of treatment cannot be confirmed and patients with a negative test for latent tuberculosis but with risk factors for tuberculosis infection. Consultation with a physician with expertise in the treatment of tuberculosis is recommended to aid in the decision whether initiating anti-tuberculosis therapy is appropriate for an individual patient. Carefully consider the risks and benefits of tocilizumab before initiating therapy in patients with chronic or recurrent infection, who have been exposed to tuberculosis, with a history of a serious or opportunistic infection, with underlying conditions that may predispose them to infection (e.g., patients with advanced or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or immunosuppression), or who have resided or traveled in areas of endemic tuberculosis or endemic mycoses. Tocilizumab initiation is not recommended for patients with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 2,000 cells/mm3, tocilizumab discontinuation is advised for an ANC less than 500 cells/mm3, and tocilizumab interruption is advised for an ANC between 500 cells/mm3 and 1,000 cells/mm3. For treatment of COVID-19, tocilizumab treatment is not recommended in patients with an ANC less than 1,000 cells/mm3, however, the NIH COVID-19 guidelines recommend caution if the ANC is less than 500 cells/mm3.[65314] Closely monitor patients for the development of signs and symptoms of infection during and after tocilizumab treatment; signs and symptoms of acute inflammation may be lessened due to suppression of the acute phase reactants. Consider the possible development of tuberculosis in patients who tested negative for latent tuberculosis infection prior to taking tocilizumab. Do not administer tocilizumab to a patient with an active infection including localized infections. If a serious infection such as sepsis or influenza or an opportunistic infection develops, interrupt tocilizumab receipt until the infection is controlled. If a new infection develops during tocilizumab receipt, complete a prompt and complete diagnostic workup appropriate for an immunocompromised patient, initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and closely monitor the patient.[38283]

    For most indications, initiation of tocilizumab is not recommended for thrombocytopenia defined as a platelet count below 100,000 cells/mm3 or for neutropenia defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 2,000 cells/mm3. For the treatment of COVID-19, it is recommended tocilizumab not be used in patients with an ANC less than 1,000 cells/mm3 or platelet count less than 50,000 cells/mm3; however, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 guidelines recommend caution in patients with an ANC less than 500 cells/mm3 or platelet count less than 50,000 cells/mm3.[65314] Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia have been noted with tocilizumab, and drug interruption or discontinuation may be needed. Check platelet count and ANC before tocilizumab receipt, 4 to 8 weeks after tocilizumab initiation, and every 3 months thereafter for adult patients. For pediatric patients with either polyarticular or systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), monitor neutrophils and platelets at the time of the second infusion and then every 4 to 8 weeks for PJIA and every 2 to 4 weeks for SJIA. In patients with severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) who also have cytopenias due to lymphodepleting chemotherapy or the CRS, consider the potential benefit of treating the CRS versus the risks of short-term treatment with tocilizumab.[38283]

    Use tocilizumab with caution in patients with active hepatic disease or hepatic impairment. For treatment of COVID-19, it is recommended tocilizumab not be used if ALT or AST are greater than 10-times the upper limit of normal (ULN); however, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 guidelines recommend caution in patients with an ALT greater than 5-times the ULN.[65314] Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 may have elevated ALT or AST levels, and multi-organ failure with involvement of the liver is recognized as a complication of severe COVID-19. Consider the benefits and risk of treating COVID-19 with tocilizumab and monitor ALT and AST during treatment. For all other indications, initiation of tocilizumab is not recommended in patients who have ALT or AST above 1.5-times the ULN. Hepatotoxicity, including hepatic injury, hepatic failure, liver transplant, and death have been reported with tocilizumab therapy. Following tocilizumab initiation, the time to onset of hepatic injury ranged from months to years, and a majority of the patients presented with transaminases levels greater than 5-times the ULN. However, some patients had mild transaminase elevations along with signs and symptoms of liver impairment. Persistent hepatic enzyme elevations during therapy may require dose interruption or consideration of drug discontinuation, depending on the clinical abnormality and severity. Check liver function tests before tocilizumab receipt, 4 to 8 weeks after the start of therapy for the first 6 months, and then every 3 months after that in adult patients. For pediatric patients with either polyarticular or systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), monitor liver function tests at the time of the second infusion and then every 4 to 8 weeks for PJIA and every 2 to 4 weeks for SJIA. Liver function tests (LFTs) should also be measured in any patient displaying signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction, such as fatigue, anorexia, dark urine, jaundice, or right upper abdominal pain. If elevated LFTs are detected, then tocilizumab should be stopped and only restarted once liver enzymes have normalized and an alternative cause identified. In patients with severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) who also have elevated hepatic enzymes due to lymphodepleting chemotherapy or the CRS, consider the potential benefit of treating the CRS versus the risks of short-term treatment with tocilizumab. The safety and efficacy of tocilizumab have not been studied in patients with positive hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) serology. Tocilizumab may cause HBV or HCV reactivation in patients who are HBV or HCV carriers, which may lead to hepatitis C or hepatitis B exacerbation. Consider evaluating patients at risk for HBV and HCV infection for prior evidence of infection before tocilizumab initiation. If tocilizumab is initiated in an HBV or HCV carrier, carefully monitor the patient for clinical and laboratory signs of active HBV or HCV infection.[38283]

    Cautious use of tocilizumab may be warranted by patients with neurological disease such as preexisting or recent onset demyelinating disorders. The impact of tocilizumab on demyelinating disorders is not known, but multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were reported rarely in clinical studies. Closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms potentially indicative of demyelinating disorders.[38283]

    Gastrointestinal (GI) perforations and other GI adverse reactions have been reported in clinical studies of tocilizumab. GI perforation risk may be increased with concurrent diverticulitis or concomitant use of NSAIDs or corticosteroid therapy. Promptly evaluate patients presenting with new onset abdominal symptoms. Cautious tocilizumab use is warranted by patients with diverticulitis.[38283]

    Tocilizumab is an immunosuppressant and treatment with immunosuppressants may result in an increased risk of cancer. The impact of tocilizumab on the development of a new primary malignancy is unknown, but malignancies were observed in clinical studies. Consider the risks and benefits of tocilizumab before treatment initiation in patients with a history of neoplastic disease. Also, consider the risks and benefits of tocilizumab continuation in patients who develop a malignancy.[38283]

    Cautious use of tocilizumab may be warranted for patients with hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, or hypertriglyceridemia. Increased total cholesterol, increased HDL-C, increased LDL-C, and increased triglycerides may occur with tocilizumab. Assess lipid parameters approximately 4 to 8 weeks after tocilizumab initiation. Subsequently, it is recommended to manage patients according to clinical guidelines [e.g., National Cholesterol Educational Program (NCEP)] for the management of hyperlipidemia.[38283]

    Avoid use of live vaccines concurrently with tocilizumab as clinical safety has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. No data are available on the effectiveness of vaccination in patients receiving tocilizumab. Because IL-6 inhibition may interfere with the normal immune response to new antigens, it is recommended that all treated patients, particularly pediatric patients, if possible, be brought up to date with all immunizations in agreement with current immunization guidelines prior to initiating tocilizumab therapy. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents.[38283]

    In clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis, the frequency of serious infections among geriatric patients was higher than younger adults. As there is a higher incidence of infections in the geriatric population in general, caution should be used when treating the elderly. Clinical studies for cytokine release syndrome did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. For COVID-19, no overall difference in safety or efficacy of tocilizumab were observed between patients 65 years and older and those under 65 years.[38283]

    Limited available data are not sufficient to determine whether the use of tocilizumab during human pregnancy is associated with risk for major birth defects or miscarriage. Based on animal data, there may be a potential risk to the fetus. In animal reproduction studies, intravenous administration of tocilizumab to Cynomolgus monkeys during organogenesis resulted in abortion/embryo-fetal death at doses 1.25-times or more of the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD). Monoclonal antibodies, like tocilizumab, are increasingly transported across the placenta as pregnancy progresses, with the largest amount transferred during the third trimester. This may affect the immune response in the in utero exposed infant; consider risks and benefits before administering live or live-attenuated vaccines to neonates or infants exposed to tocilizumab in utero.[38283] Due to limited data during pregnancy, guidelines state that tocilizumab should be replaced before conception by another medication, if possible. The drug should be used during pregnancy only when no other pregnancy-compatible drug can effectively control the maternal disease.[62180] For COVID-19, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that the decision to administer tocilizumab to a pregnant patient must be shared between the patient and their healthcare providers, and that potential maternal benefit and fetal risks must be considered.[65314] Tocilizumab may affect labor and obstetric delivery. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling may interfere with cervical ripening and dilatation and myometrial contractile activity, leading to potential delays in parturition. There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors outcomes in pregnant patients exposed to tocilizumab; information about the registry can be obtained at mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/actemra/ or by calling 1-877-311-8972.[38283]

    The lack of clinical data during lactation precludes clear determination of the risk of tocilizumab to the breast-feeding infant; therefore the developmental and health benefits of breast-feeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for tocilizumab and the potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from exposure to the drug or the underlying maternal condition. There is no information available on the presence of tocilizumab in human milk or its effects on the breast-fed infant or milk production. Maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) is present in human milk. If tocilizumab is transferred into human milk, the effects of local exposure in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and potential limited systemic exposure in the infant to tocilizumab are unknown.[38283] Until more data are available, guidelines state that tocilizumab should generally be avoided during breast-feeding if another therapy is available to control the maternal disease. The drug has a large molecular weight, and experts suggest the oral bioavailability of any drug exposure to the infant through the GI tract is likely low. Breast-feeding should not be discouraged, however, when using the drug if no other options are available.[62180] For COVID-19, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that tocilizumab should be offered to lactating patients who qualify for therapy, and that breast-feeding can continue without interruption.[65314]

    Tocilizumab is indicated in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older for the treatment of active systemic or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in infants and young children less than 2 years of age have not been established. It is recommended that all pediatric patients, if possible, be brought up to date with all immunizations in agreement with current immunization guidelines prior to initiating tocilizumab therapy. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents.[38283]

    Revision Date: 04/21/2023, 02:44:32 PM

    References

    38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.62180 - Gotestam Skorpen C, Hoeltzenbein M, Tincani A, et al. The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation. Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75(5):795-810.65314 - COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. Accessed March 1, 2024. Available at https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/

    Mechanism of Action

    Tocilizumab inhibits IL-6-mediated signaling by competitively binding to both soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors. IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in diverse physiological processes such as T-cell activation, immunoglobulin secretion induction, hepatic acute-phase protein synthesis initiation, and hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation and differentiation stimulation. IL-6 is produced by various cell types, including T- and B-cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and fibroblasts. IL-6 is also produced by synovial and endothelial cells leading to local production of IL-6 in joints affected by inflammatory processes such as rheumatoid arthritis.[38283]

    Revision Date: 03/25/2020, 04:13:18 PM

    References

    38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.

    Pharmacokinetics

    Tocilizumab is administered subcutaneously or intravenously as an infusion. The pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab are characterized by nonlinear elimination which is a combination of linear clearance and Michaelis-Menten elimination. The nonlinear part of tocilizumab elimination leads to an increase in exposure that is more than dose-proportional. The pharmacokinetic parameters of tocilizumab do not change with time. Due to the dependence of total clearance on tocilizumab serum concentrations, the half-life of tocilizumab is also concentration-dependent and varies depending on the serum concentration level. At higher concentrations, clearance is mainly determined by the linear clearance, which was estimated to be 12.5 mL/hour. Linear clearance increases with body size. The concentration-dependent nonlinear clearance plays a major role at low concentrations. The half-life of tocilizumab is dependent on the concentration.[38283]

     

    The pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab in adults with COVID-19 was estimated by a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 380 patients treated with intravenous doses of 8 mg/kg. The volume of distribution (Vd) was 8.75 L (4.52 central Vd and 4.23 peripheral Vd). The average linear clearance in the population pharmacokinetic analysis was estimated to be 17.6 mL/hour in patients with baseline ordinal scale (OS) category 3 (i.e., patients requiring supplemental oxygen), 22.5 mL/hour in patients with baseline OS category 4 (i.e., patients requiring high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation), 29 mL/hour in patients with baseline OS category 5 (i.e., patients requiring mechanical ventilation), and 35.4 mL/hour in patients with baseline OS category 6 (i.e., patients requiring ECMO or mechanical ventilation plus additional organ support). Following a single 8 mg/kg infusion, the serum concentrations were below the limit of quantification after 35 days on average.[38283][66757]

     

    A population pharmacokinetic model, based on data in rheumatoid arthritis patients who received either intravenous or subcutaneous tocilizumab, found a terminal half-life of approximately 21.5 days at high serum concentrations and linear clearance of tocilizumab. Among adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the tocilizumab Vd at steady-state was 6.4 L: the central Vd was 3.5 L, and the peripheral Vd was 2.9 L. For patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the concentration-dependent apparent half-life at steady-state is up to 11 days for 4 mg/kg/dose IV, up to 13 days for 8 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks, up to 13 days for 162 mg subcutaneously every week, and 5 days for 162 mg subcutaneously every other week. For adults with giant cell arteritis (GCA) at steady-state, the effective half-life for 162 mg subcutaneously every week and every other week was 18.3 to 18.9 days and 4.2 to 7.9 days, respectively. Following 6 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks to GCA patients, the concentration-dependent apparent half-life was 13.2 days. In GCA patients, the Vd at steady-state was 7.46 L: central Vd was 4.09 L and peripheral Vd was 3.37 L. For adults with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) at steady-state, the effective half-life for 162 mg subcutaneously every week was between 12.1 to 13 days. In SSc-ILD patients, the Vd at steady-state was 6.74 L: central Vd was 4.16 L and peripheral Vd was 2.58L.[38283]

     

    Decreases in C-reactive protein to within normal ranges were seen as early as week 2 after tocilizumab 4 mg/kg/dose or 8 mg/kg/dose initiation in adults with RA. Decreases in rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, and increases in hemoglobin were noted with both tocilizumab doses, but the greatest improvements were noted with the 8 mg/kg dose. Population pharmacokinetic analyses in any patient population tested so far indicate no relationship between apparent clearance and the presence of anti-drug antibodies.[38283]

     

    Affected cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes and drug transporters: Unknown, possibly influences CYP enzyme activity

    In vitro data suggest that IL-6 reduces mRNA expression for several CYP450 isoenzymes including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, and this reduced expression was reversed by coincubation with tocilizumab at clinically relevant concentrations. Accordingly, inhibition of IL-6 signaling in patients treated with tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels than those in the absence of the drug, leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates. The drug's effect on CYP2C8 or drug transporters (e.g., P-glycoprotein) is unknown.[38283]

     

    The restoration of CYP450 enzyme activities may be clinically relevant for CYP450 substrate drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (NTI), where the dose is individually adjusted. Upon initiation of tocilizumab, therapeutic monitoring of the effect or drug concentration of the NTI drug should be performed; adjust the dose of the NTI drug as needed. Caution should be exercised when tocilizumab is coadministered with drugs where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable (e.g., oral contraceptives, which are CYP3A4 substrates). The effect of tocilizumab on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab.[38283]

    Route-Specific Pharmacokinetics

    Intravenous Route

    The pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab in adults with COVID-19 was estimated by a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 380 patients treated with intravenous doses of 8 mg/kg. The estimated median maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and Cmax on day 28 were 151 mcg/mL (range: 77.5 to 319 mcg/mL) and 0.229 mcg/mL (range: 0.00119 to 19.4 mcg/mL), respectively, after a single dose. After 2 doses, separated by 8 hours, the estimated median Cmax was 290 mcg/mL (range: 152 to 604 mcg/mL) and the Cmax on day 28 was 7.04 mcg/mL (0.00474 to 54.8 mcg/mL).[38283][66757]

     

    After receipt of either 4 mg/kg/dose IV or 8 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks, a more than dose-proportional increase in systemic exposure and in the trough concentration was noted in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. At steady-state, the mean concentration with 8 mg/kg dosing was 3-fold higher than the systemic exposure after 4 mg/kg dosing. The trough concentration at steady-state with 8 mg/kg dosing was 134-fold higher than the trough concentration after 4 mg/kg dosing. In contrast, the maximum tocilizumab concentration (Cmax) increased dose-proportionally. After 4 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks, the estimated median (range) Cmean at steady-state was 18 mcg/mL (8.9 to 50.7 mcg/mL), the median (range) steady-state Cmin was 0.1 mcg/mL (0.0 to 14.6 mcg/mL), and the median (range) steady-state Cmax was 86.1 mcg/mL (44.8 to 202 mcg/mL). Ninety percent of steady-state was reached after the first dose for Cmax and AUC and after the fourth dose for Cmin. After 8 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks, the median (range) Cmean at steady-state was 54 mcg/mL (17 to 260 mcg/mL), the median (range) Cmin at steady-state 13.4 mcg/mL (0.1 to 154 mcg/mL), and median (range) Cmax at steady-state was 176 mcg/mL (75.4 to 557 mcg/mL). Approximately 90% of steady-state was reached after the first dose for Cmax, after the third dose for AUC, and after the fourth dose for Cmin. In a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis of 22 giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients treated with 6 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks, the median (range) Cmax, Ctrough, and Cmean at steady-state were 178 mcg/mL (115 to 320 mcg/mL), 22.7 mcg/mL (3.38 to 54.5 mcg/mL), and 57.5 mcg/mL (32.9 to 110 mcg/mL), respectively. Steady-state trough concentrations with IV tocilizumab were within range of those seen in GCA patients treated with 162 mg subcutaneously every week or every other week. Based on pharmacokinetic exposure and extrapolation between RA and GCA patients, when tocilizumab is given on a mg/kg basis, doses greater than 600 mg per infusion are not recommended in GCA patients.[38283]

    Subcutaneous Route

    After weekly or every other week of 162 mg subcutaneous tocilizumab receipt to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), steady-state was achieved after 10 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively. At steady state, the estimated median (range) Cmean was 47.3 mcg/mL (2.4 to 147 mcg/mL), Cmin was 42.9 mcg/mL (1.3 to 144 mcg/mL), and Cmax was 49.8 mcg/mL (3 to 150 mcg/mL) with once-weekly subcutaneous dosing. After every other week subcutaneous dosing, the estimated median (range) Cmean was 9.2 mcg/mL (0.2 to 43.6 mcg/mL), Cmin was 4.1 mcg/mL (0.0 to 34.2 mcg/mL), and Cmax was 12.1 mcg/mL (0.4 to 49.3 mcg/mL) at steady-state. Systemic exposures with once-weekly dosing were 5.1-fold higher for Cmean and 10.5-fold higher for Cmin compared to every other week dosing. Accumulation for Cmin was greater following subcutaneous, both once weekly and every other week regimens, compared to intravenous administration and is expected based on the non-linear clearance at lower concentrations. Greater than 90% of the steady-state value for Cmax was achieved after the fifth dose with the once-weekly regimen and 12th dose with every other week regimen. Ninety percent of the steady-state values for the Cmean and Cmin were achieved after the 6th and 12th injections, for the every other week and once-weekly regimens, respectively.[38283]

     

    In patients, at steady-state, with giant cell arteritis (GCA) who received 162 mg tocilizumab subcutaneously every week, the estimated median (range) Cmax was 72.1 mcg/mL (12.2 to 151 mcg/mL), Cmin was 67.2 mcg/mL (10.7 to 145 mcg/mL), and Cmean was 70.6 mcg/mL (11.7 to 149 mcg/mL). For patients at steady-state who received 162 mg every other week, the estimated median (range) Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 17.2 mcg/mL (1.1 to 56.2 mcg/mL), 7.7 mcg/mL (0.1 to 37.3 mcg/mL), and 13.7 mcg/mL (0.5 to 49 mcg/mL), respectively. Steady-state was reached at 17 weeks and 14 weeks following once weekly and every other week dosing regimens, respectively.[38283]

     

    Following administration of 162 mg tocilizumab subcutaneously every week for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease, the estimated median (range) Cmax was 52.5 mcg/mL (14.8 to 121 mcg/mL), Cmin was 47.2 mcg/mL (10.8 to 114 mcg/mL), and Cmean was 50.4 mcg/mL (13.4 to 119 mcg/mL) at steady-state. Steady-state was reached after 13 weeks of therapy. The accumulation ratios for Cmean, Cmin, and Cmax were 7.11, 6.56, and 5.89, respectively.[38283]

    Special Populations

    Hepatic Impairment

    No formal study of the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab was conducted; treatment with tocilizumab is not recommended in patients with active hepatic disease or hepatic impairment.[38283]

    Renal Impairment

    Mild to moderate renal impairment defined as a CrCl 30 to 79 mL/minute did not impact the pharmacokinetic parameters of tocilizumab during clinical trials for various indications; no dosage adjustments are needed for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment.[38283]

    Pediatrics

    Children and Adolescents 2 to 17 years

    Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA)

    In pediatric patients with PJIA, the central volume of distribution (Vd) of tocilizumab is 1.98 L, and the peripheral Vd is 2.1 L, resulting in a steady-state Vd of 4.08 L. Linear clearance is 5.8 mL/hour. Half-life is up to 17 days for IV administration or 10 days for subcutaneous administration.[38283]

     

    Average and trough concentrations of tocilizumab at steady-state in pediatric patients (dose = 8 mg/kg/dose or 10 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks) are comparable to those observed in adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving 4 mg/kg/dose or 8 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks and peak concentration similar to adult dose of 8 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks in adult RA patients. The average concentration (Cmean) of tocilizumab in PJIA patients is slightly lower compared than that observed in adult RA patients. For doses of 8 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks (patients weighing 30 kg or more), estimated median Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 181 mcg/mL, 3.28 mcg/mL, and 38.6 mcg/mL, respectively, during pharmacokinetic trials. For doses of 10 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 weeks (patients weighing less than 30 kg), estimated median Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 167 mcg/mL, 0.35 mcg/mL, and 30.8 mcg/mL, respectively.[38283]

     

    Bioavailability for subcutaneous tocilizumab in PJIA patients is 96%, and the absorption half-life is around 2 days. Average trough concentrations in pediatric patients after subcutaneous dosing are within the range of those achieved in adult patients with RA. Patients treated with subcutaneous tocilizumab have a steady-state Cmin at or higher than that achieved with IV administration. In general, steady-state Cmin is comparable in patients in both body weight groups (less than 30 kg and 30 kg or more), while steady-state Cmax and Cmean are higher for patients in the lower weight group. For doses of 162 mg subcutaneous every 2 weeks (patients weighing 30 kg or more), estimated median Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 29.7 mcg/mL, 12.7 mcg/mL, and 23 mcg/mL, respectively, during pharmacokinetic trials. For doses of 162 mg subcutaneous every 3 weeks (patients weighing less than 30 kg), estimated median Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 62.4 mcg/mL, 13.4 mcg/mL, and 35.7 mcg/mL, respectively.[38283]

     

    Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA)

    In pediatric patients with SJIA, the central Vd of tocilizumab is 1.87 L, and the peripheral Vd is 2.14 L, resulting in a steady-state Vd of 4.01 L. Linear clearance is 5.7 mL/hour. Half-life is up to 16 days for IV administration or 14 days for subcutaneous administration.[38283]

     

    For doses of 8 mg/kg/dose IV every 2 weeks (patients weighing 30 kg or more), estimated median Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 253 mcg/mL, 70.7 mcg/mL, and 117 mcg/mL, respectively, during pharmacokinetic trials. For doses of 12 mg/kg/dose IV every 2 weeks (patients weighing less than 30 kg), estimated median Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 274 mcg/mL, 65.9 mcg/mL, and 124 mcg/mL, respectively. Steady-state was reached by 8 weeks for both groups. Mean estimated tocilizumab exposure parameters were similar between the 2 dose groups defined by body weight.[38283]

     

    Bioavailability for subcutaneous tocilizumab in SJIA patients is 95%, and absorption half-life is around 2 days. Patients treated with subcutaneous tocilizumab have a steady-state Cmax lower than that achieved with IV administration. Steady-state Cmin and Cmean are comparable in patients after subcutaneous or IV dosing across body weights. For doses of 162 mg subcutaneous every week (patients weighing 30 kg or more), estimated median Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 89.8 mcg/mL, 72.4 mcg/mL, and 82.4 mcg/mL, respectively, during pharmacokinetic trials. For doses of 162 mg subcutaneous every 2 weeks (patients weighing less than 30 kg), estimated median Cmax, Cmin, and Cmean were 127 mcg/mL, 64.2 mcg/mL, and 92.7 mcg/mL, respectively. Steady-state was reached by 12 weeks for both groups.[38283]

    Geriatric

    Age was not shown to have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab.[38283]

    Gender Differences

    Gender was not shown to have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab.[38283]

    Ethnic Differences

    Race was not shown to have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab.[38283]

    Obesity

    Population analysis identified body weight as a significant covariate impacting the pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab. When given IV on a mg/kg basis, individuals weighing 100 kg or more are predicted to have mean steady-state exposures higher than mean values for the patient population. In RA patients, the body weight-based dose (8 mg per kg) resulted in approximately 86% higher exposure in patients weighing more than 100 kg in comparison to patients who weigh less than 60 kg. Therefore, tocilizumab doses exceeding 800 mg per IV infusion are not recommended in patients with RA. There was an inverse relationship between tocilizumab exposure and body weight for flat dose subcutaneous regimens. Due to the flat dosing employed for subcutaneous administration of tocilizumab, no modifications are necessary by this dosing route.[38283]

     

    In GCA patients treated with subcutaneous tocilizumab, higher exposure was observed in patients with lower body weight. For the 162 mg every week subcutaneous dosing regimen, the steady-state Cmean was 51% higher in patients with body weight less than 60 kg compared to patients weighing between 60 and 100 kg. For the 162 mg every other week subcutaneous regimen, the steady-state Cmean was 129% higher in patients weighing less than 60 kg compared to patients weighing between 60 and 100 kg. There is limited data for patients above 100 kg (n=7). Due to the flat dosing employed for subcutaneous administration of tocilizumab, no modifications are necessary by this dosing route.[38283]

     

    In adults with COVID-19, exposure to tocilizumab following weight-based dosing (i.e., 8 mg/kg IV, with a maximum dose of 800 mg) was dependent on body weight and disease severity. Within a specific ordinal scale (OS) category, tocilizumab exposure was 20% lower in patients weighing less than 60 kg, as compared to patients with a mean body weight of 80 kg. Exposure in patients weighing more than 100 kg was in the same range as those with a mean body weight of 80 kg. For an 80 kg patient, exposure decreased as disease severity increased; for each category increase on the OS, exposure decreased consistently by 13%.[38283][66757]

    Revision Date: 12/22/2022, 03:10:54 PM

    References

    38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.66757 - Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fact sheet for healthcare providers: emergency use authorization for Actemra (tocilizumab). Retrieved December 22, 2022. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.fda.gov/media/150321/download?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery.

    Pregnancy/Breast-feeding

    infants, labor, neonates, obstetric delivery, pregnancy

    Limited available data are not sufficient to determine whether the use of tocilizumab during human pregnancy is associated with risk for major birth defects or miscarriage. Based on animal data, there may be a potential risk to the fetus. In animal reproduction studies, intravenous administration of tocilizumab to Cynomolgus monkeys during organogenesis resulted in abortion/embryo-fetal death at doses 1.25-times or more of the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD). Monoclonal antibodies, like tocilizumab, are increasingly transported across the placenta as pregnancy progresses, with the largest amount transferred during the third trimester. This may affect the immune response in the in utero exposed infant; consider risks and benefits before administering live or live-attenuated vaccines to neonates or infants exposed to tocilizumab in utero.[38283] Due to limited data during pregnancy, guidelines state that tocilizumab should be replaced before conception by another medication, if possible. The drug should be used during pregnancy only when no other pregnancy-compatible drug can effectively control the maternal disease.[62180] For COVID-19, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that the decision to administer tocilizumab to a pregnant patient must be shared between the patient and their healthcare providers, and that potential maternal benefit and fetal risks must be considered.[65314] Tocilizumab may affect labor and obstetric delivery. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling may interfere with cervical ripening and dilatation and myometrial contractile activity, leading to potential delays in parturition. There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors outcomes in pregnant patients exposed to tocilizumab; information about the registry can be obtained at mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/actemra/ or by calling 1-877-311-8972.[38283]

    breast-feeding

    The lack of clinical data during lactation precludes clear determination of the risk of tocilizumab to the breast-feeding infant; therefore the developmental and health benefits of breast-feeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for tocilizumab and the potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from exposure to the drug or the underlying maternal condition. There is no information available on the presence of tocilizumab in human milk or its effects on the breast-fed infant or milk production. Maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) is present in human milk. If tocilizumab is transferred into human milk, the effects of local exposure in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and potential limited systemic exposure in the infant to tocilizumab are unknown.[38283] Until more data are available, guidelines state that tocilizumab should generally be avoided during breast-feeding if another therapy is available to control the maternal disease. The drug has a large molecular weight, and experts suggest the oral bioavailability of any drug exposure to the infant through the GI tract is likely low. Breast-feeding should not be discouraged, however, when using the drug if no other options are available.[62180] For COVID-19, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that tocilizumab should be offered to lactating patients who qualify for therapy, and that breast-feeding can continue without interruption.[65314]

    Revision Date: 04/21/2023, 02:44:32 PM

    References

    38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.62180 - Gotestam Skorpen C, Hoeltzenbein M, Tincani A, et al. The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation. Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75(5):795-810.65314 - COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. Accessed March 1, 2024. Available at https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/

    Interactions

    Level 2 (Major)

    • Abatacept
    • Adalimumab
    • Anakinra
    • Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine, BCG
    • Baricitinib
    • Basiliximab
    • Canakinumab
    • Certolizumab pegol
    • Chikungunya Vaccine, Live
    • Etanercept
    • Golimumab
    • Infliximab
    • Intranasal Influenza Vaccine
    • Live Vaccines
    • Measles Virus; Mumps Virus; Rubella Virus; Varicella Virus Vaccine, Live
    • Measles/Mumps/Rubella Vaccines, MMR
    • Ofatumumab
    • Rituximab
    • Rituximab; Hyaluronidase
    • Rotavirus Vaccine
    • Sarilumab
    • Secukinumab
    • Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Nonreplicating
    • Smallpox Vaccine, Vaccinia Vaccine
    • Tofacitinib
    • Tumor Necrosis Factor modifiers
    • Typhoid Vaccine
    • Upadacitinib
    • Ustekinumab
    • Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine, Live
    • Yellow Fever Vaccine, Live

    Level 3 (Moderate)

    • Alfentanil
    • Amlodipine; Atorvastatin
    • Apixaban
    • Atorvastatin
    • Carbamazepine
    • Cholera Vaccine
    • Cisapride
    • Cyclosporine
    • Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine, Live
    • Desogestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol
    • Dextromethorphan; Quinidine
    • Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
    • Drospirenone
    • Drospirenone; Estetrol
    • Drospirenone; Estradiol
    • Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol
    • Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate
    • Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
    • Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
    • Estradiol; Norethindrone
    • Estradiol; Norgestimate
    • Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
    • Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
    • Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
    • Ethosuximide
    • Ethynodiol Diacetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
    • Etonogestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol
    • Everolimus
    • Ezetimibe; Simvastatin
    • Fentanyl
    • Fosphenytoin
    • Hydrocortisone
    • Leuprolide; Norethindrone
    • Levonorgestrel
    • Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol
    • Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous Bisglycinate
    • Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous Fumarate
    • Lovastatin
    • Norethindrone
    • Norethindrone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous fumarate
    • Norethindrone; Ethinyl Estradiol
    • Norethindrone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous fumarate
    • Norgestimate; Ethinyl Estradiol
    • Norgestrel
    • Oral Contraceptives
    • Phenytoin
    • Pimozide
    • Quinidine
    • Relugolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
    • Rivaroxaban
    • SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines
    • SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19) Adenovirus Vector Vaccine
    • SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccine
    • SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19) Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine
    • Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
    • Simvastatin
    • Tacrolimus
    • Theophylline, Aminophylline
    • Thioridazine
    • Tizanidine
    • Warfarin

    Level 4 (Minor)

    • Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
    • Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
    • Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
    • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan
    • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
    • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
    • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
    • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
    • Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
    • Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
    • Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
    • Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
    • Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine; Dextromethorphan
    • Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
    • Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
    • Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
    • Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
    • Dextromethorphan
    • Dextromethorphan; Bupropion
    • Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
    • Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin
    • Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
    • Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
    • Omeprazole
    • Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin
    • Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate
    • Promethazine; Dextromethorphan
    Abatacept: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with biological DMARDs, including selective costimulation modulators such as abatacept; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [27940] [38283] Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Adalimumab: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with biological DMARDs, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) modifiers; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Alfentanil: (Moderate) Monitor for evidence of reduced effect if alfentanil coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary; alfentanil dosage adjustment may be needed. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as alfentanil, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Alfentanil is a CYP3A4 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Amlodipine; Atorvastatin: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as atorvastatin, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Monitor lipid panels and adjust therapy as indicated. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 57% decrease in the exposure of another "statin" was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Atorvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. [38283] Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and omeprazole may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of omeprazole. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 12 to 28% decrease in omeprazole exposure occurred 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Omeprazole is a substrate of both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. [38283] Anakinra: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with biological DMARDs, including interleukin-1 receptor antagonists such as anakinra; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [27940] [38283] Apixaban: (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in efficacy of apixaban if used with tocilizumab. Until more data are available, consider using an anticoagulant without dependence on CYP450 enzymes for metabolism (e.g., heparins, edoxaban). The formation of CYP450 enzymes may be suppressed by increased concentrations of cytokines such as IL-6 during chronic inflammation. It is expected that the activity of CYP450 enzymes could increase to normal concentrations during treatment with an IL-6 antagonist such as tocilizumab; these effects on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes [including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4]. Apixaban is a substrate for CYP3A4. [38283] [52739] [65210] Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and omeprazole may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of omeprazole. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 12 to 28% decrease in omeprazole exposure occurred 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Omeprazole is a substrate of both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. [38283] Atorvastatin: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as atorvastatin, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Monitor lipid panels and adjust therapy as indicated. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 57% decrease in the exposure of another "statin" was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Atorvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. [38283] Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine, BCG: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Baricitinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with other biological DMARDs such as baricitinib; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] [63229] Basiliximab: (Major) Avoid using tocilizumab with immunosuppressive biological agents such as basilixumab because of the possibility of increased immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. The concurrent use of tocilizumab with other biological agents has not been studied. Most patients taking tocilizumab who developed serious infections were taking concomitant immunosuppressives. [28018] [38283] Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine; Dextromethorphan: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Canakinumab: (Major) Avoid using tocilizumab with other biological DMARDs including interleukin-1 receptor antagonists such as canakinumab; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Carbamazepine: (Moderate) Monitor carbamazepine concentrations and watch for decreased efficacy of carbamazepine if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary; adjust carbamazepine dosage as necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as carbamazepine, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Carbamazepine is a substrate of both CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Certolizumab pegol: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with biological DMARDs, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) modifiers; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Chikungunya Vaccine, Live: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Cholera Vaccine: (Moderate) Patients receiving immunosuppressant medications may have a diminished response to the live cholera vaccine. When feasible, administer indicated vaccines prior to initiating immunosuppressant medications. Counsel patients receiving immunosuppressant medications about the possibility of a diminished vaccine response and to continue to follow precautions to avoid exposure to cholera bacteria after receiving the vaccine. [60871] Cisapride: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased efficacy of cisapride if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as cisapride, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Cisapride is a CYP3A4 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Cyclosporine: (Moderate) Monitor cyclosporine levels and adjust the dose of cyclosporine as appropriate if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as cyclosporine, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Cyclosporine is a CYP3A4 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine, Live: (Moderate) Patients receiving immunosuppressant medications may have a diminished response to the dengue virus vaccine. When feasible, administer indicated vaccines at least 2 weeks prior to initiating immunosuppressant medications. If vaccine administration is necessary, consider revaccination following restoration of immune competence. Counsel patients receiving immunosuppressant medications about the possibility of a diminished vaccine response and to continue to follow precautions to avoid exposure after receiving the vaccine. [60092] [64100] [65107] Desogestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Dextromethorphan: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Dextromethorphan; Bupropion: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Dextromethorphan; Quinidine: (Moderate) Monitor quinidine levels and adjust the dose of quinidine as appropriate if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as quinidine, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Quinidine is a CYP3A4 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Dienogest; Estradiol valerate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Drospirenone: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Drospirenone; Estetrol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Drospirenone; Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Estradiol; Levonorgestrel: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Estradiol; Norethindrone: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Estradiol; Norgestimate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Etanercept: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with biological DMARDs, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) modifiers; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Ethosuximide: (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of ethosuximide, monitor drug concentrations, and adjust the dose of ethosuximide as appropriate if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as ethosuximide, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Ethosuximide is a CYP3A4 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Ethynodiol Diacetate; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Etonogestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Everolimus: (Moderate) Monitor everolimus whole blood trough concentrations as appropriate if treatment with tocilizumab is initiated for a patient on chronic everolimus therapy. The dose of everolimus may need to be increased. Everolimus is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate. During chronic inflammation, increased levels of certain cytokines can decrease the formation of CYP450 enzymes. Thus, the formation of CYP3A4 could be normalized during tocilizumab administration. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. The addition of tocilizumab to everolimus therapy may increase the metabolism of everolimus and decrease everolimus blood concentrations. [38283] [49823] [49903] Ezetimibe; Simvastatin: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as simvastatin, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Monitor lipid panels and adjust therapy as indicated. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 57% decrease in simvastatin exposure was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Simvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. [38283] Fentanyl: (Moderate) Monitor for evidence of reduced pain control or opioid withdrawal if fentanyl coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary; fentanyl dosage adjustment may be needed. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by sarilumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as fentanyl, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when sarilumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping sarilumab. In vitro, sarilumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Fentanyl is a CYP3A4 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Fosphenytoin: (Moderate) Monitor drug concentrations and watch for decreased efficacy of fosphenytoin if use with tocilizumab is necessary; adjust fosphenytoin dosage as necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as fosphenytoin, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Fosphenytoin is a substrate of both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Golimumab: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with biological DMARDs, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) modifiers; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Hydrocortisone: (Moderate) Closely observe patients for signs of infection. Most patients taking tocilizumab who developed serious infections were taking concomitant immunosuppressives such as systemic corticosteroids. [38283] Infliximab: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with biological DMARDs, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) modifiers; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Intranasal Influenza Vaccine: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Leuprolide; Norethindrone: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Levonorgestrel: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous Bisglycinate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Levonorgestrel; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous Fumarate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Live Vaccines: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Lovastatin: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as lovastatin, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Monitor lipid panels and adjust therapy as indicated. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 57% decrease in the exposure of another "statin" was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Lovastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. [38283] Measles Virus; Mumps Virus; Rubella Virus; Varicella Virus Vaccine, Live: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Measles/Mumps/Rubella Vaccines, MMR: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Norethindrone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous fumarate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Norethindrone: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Norethindrone; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Norethindrone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ferrous fumarate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Norgestimate; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Norgestrel: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Ofatumumab: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of ofatumumab and tocilizumab; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and an increased risk of infection. [37282] [38283] Omeprazole: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and omeprazole may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of omeprazole. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 12 to 28% decrease in omeprazole exposure occurred 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Omeprazole is a substrate of both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. [38283] Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and omeprazole may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of omeprazole. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 12 to 28% decrease in omeprazole exposure occurred 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Omeprazole is a substrate of both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. [38283] Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and omeprazole may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of omeprazole. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 12 to 28% decrease in omeprazole exposure occurred 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Omeprazole is a substrate of both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. [38283] Oral Contraceptives: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Phenytoin: (Moderate) Monitor phenytoin concentrations and watch for decreased efficacy of phenytoin if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary; adjust phenytoin dosage as necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as phenytoin, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Phenytoin is a substrate of both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Pimozide: (Moderate) Monitor for an altered patient response to pimozide if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as pimozide, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Pimozide is a substrate of both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Promethazine; Dextromethorphan: (Minor) Concomitant use of tocilizumab and dextromethorphan may lead to a decrease in the efficacy of dextromethorphan; clinical significance of this interaction is not known or established. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 5% decrease in dextromethorphan exposure and a 29% decrease in its metabolite, dextrorphan was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab infusion. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Dextromethorphan is a CYP2D6 substrate. [38283] [42280] [56579] Quinidine: (Moderate) Monitor quinidine levels and adjust the dose of quinidine as appropriate if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as quinidine, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Quinidine is a CYP3A4 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Relugolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Rituximab: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of rituximab and tocilizumab; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and an increased risk of infection. [38283] [49773] Rituximab; Hyaluronidase: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of rituximab and tocilizumab; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and an increased risk of infection. [38283] [49773] Rivaroxaban: (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in efficacy of rivaroxaban if used with tocilizumab. Until more data are available, consider using an anticoagulant without dependence on CYP450 enzymes for metabolism (e.g., heparins, edoxaban). The formation of CYP450 enzymes may be suppressed by increased concentrations of cytokines such as IL-6 during chronic inflammation. It is expected that the activity of CYP450 enzymes could increase to normal concentrations during treatment with an IL-6 antagonist such as tocilizumab; these effects on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes [including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4]. Rivaroxaban is a substrate for CYP3A4/5. [38283] [44854] [65210] Rotavirus Vaccine: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Sarilumab: (Major) Avoid using sarilumab with other biological DMARDs, such as tocilizumab; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] [61976] SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines: (Moderate) Patients receiving immunosuppressant medications may have a diminished response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine. When feasible, administer indicated vaccines prior to initiating immunosuppressant medications. Counsel patients receiving immunosuppressant medications about the possibility of a diminished vaccine response and to continue to follow precautions to avoid exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus after receiving the vaccine. [65107] [66080] SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19) Adenovirus Vector Vaccine: (Moderate) Patients receiving immunosuppressant medications may have a diminished response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine. When feasible, administer indicated vaccines prior to initiating immunosuppressant medications. Counsel patients receiving immunosuppressant medications about the possibility of a diminished vaccine response and to continue to follow precautions to avoid exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus after receiving the vaccine. [65107] [66080] SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccine: (Moderate) Patients receiving immunosuppressant medications may have a diminished response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine. When feasible, administer indicated vaccines prior to initiating immunosuppressant medications. Counsel patients receiving immunosuppressant medications about the possibility of a diminished vaccine response and to continue to follow precautions to avoid exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus after receiving the vaccine. [65107] [66080] SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19) Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine: (Moderate) Patients receiving immunosuppressant medications may have a diminished response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine. When feasible, administer indicated vaccines prior to initiating immunosuppressant medications. Counsel patients receiving immunosuppressant medications about the possibility of a diminished vaccine response and to continue to follow precautions to avoid exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus after receiving the vaccine. [65107] [66080] Secukinumab: (Major) Avoid using tocilizumab with other biological DMARDs, such as secukinumab; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as combined hormonal oral contraceptives, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. [38283] Simvastatin: (Moderate) Utilize caution with concomitant use of tocilizumab and CYP3A4 substrate drugs, such as simvastatin, where a decrease in effectiveness is undesirable. Monitor lipid panels and adjust therapy as indicated. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. A 57% decrease in simvastatin exposure was noted 1 week after a single tocilizumab dose. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Simvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. [38283] Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Nonreplicating: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Smallpox Vaccine, Vaccinia Vaccine: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Tacrolimus: (Moderate) Monitor tacrolimus levels and adjust the dose of tacrolimus as appropriate if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as tacrolimus, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Tacrolimus is a CYP3A4 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Theophylline, Aminophylline: (Moderate) Monitor drug concentrations and watch for decreased efficacy of aminophylline or theophylline if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary; a dosage increase of these methylxanthines may be necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Aminophylline and Theophylline are CYP1A2 substrates and narrow therapeutic index drugs. [38283] Thioridazine: (Moderate) Monitor for an altered patient response to thioridazine if coadministration with tocilizumab is necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as thioridazine, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Thioridazine is a CYP2D6 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Tizanidine: (Moderate) Monitor for reduced efficacy of tizanidine if coadministered with tocilizumab. An adjustment of tizanidine dose may be required. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as tizanidine, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. In vitro, tocilizumab has the potential to affect expression of multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Tizanidine is a CYP1A2 substrate and narrow therapeutic index drug. [38283] Tofacitinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with other biological DMARDs such as tofacitinib; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] [52315] Tumor Necrosis Factor modifiers: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with biological DMARDs, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) modifiers; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Typhoid Vaccine: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Upadacitinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with other biological DMARDs such as upadacitinib; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] [64572] Ustekinumab: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of tocilizumab with other biological DMARDs such as ustekinumab; coadministration has not been studied and may result in additive immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. [38283] Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine, Live: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778] Warfarin: (Moderate) Monitor the INR if tocilizumab is coadministered with warfarin due to the potential for decreased warfarin efficacy; adjust the dose of warfarin as necessary. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by tocilizumab may restore CYP450 activities to higher levels leading to increased metabolism of drugs that are CYP450 substrates as compared to metabolism prior to treatment. Therefore, CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, such as warfarin, may have fluctuations in drug levels and therapeutic effect when tocilizumab therapy is started or discontinued. This effect on CYP450 enzyme activity may persist for several weeks after stopping tocilizumab. [28549] [38283] Yellow Fever Vaccine, Live: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of live vaccines during treatment with tocilizumab due to potentially increased risk of infections; clinical safety of live vaccines during tocilizumab treatment has not been established. No data are available on the secondary transmission of infection from persons receiving live vaccines to patients receiving tocilizumab. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of tocilizumab therapy should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines regarding immunosuppressive agents. [38283] [51778]
    Revision Date: 03/08/2024, 01:34:00 AM

    References

    27940 - Kineret (anakinra) package insert. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB; 2020 Dec.28018 - Simulect (basiliximab) package insert. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2005 Sep.28549 - Coumadin (warfarin tablets) package insert. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2017 Aug.37282 - Arzerra (ofatumumab) injection package insert. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2016 Aug.38283 - Actemra (tocilizumab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022 Dec.42280 - Nuedexta (dextromethorphan hydrobromide; quinidine sulfate capsule) package insert. Aliso Viejo, CA: Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2019 Jun.44854 - Xarelto (rivaroxaban) package insert. Titusville, NJ: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2023 Feb.49773 - Rituxan (rituximab) injection package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2018 Apr.49823 - Afinitor (everolimus) tablets package insert. East Hanover, NJ:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2022 Feb.49903 - Zortress (everolimus) package insert. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2024 Feb.51778 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP): Use of vaccines and immune globulins in persons with altered immunocompetence. MMWR 1993;42:1-1852315 - Xeljanz and Xeljanz XR (tofacitinib) package insert. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc.; 2021 Dec.52739 - Eliquis (apixaban) package insert. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Princeton, NJ. 2021 Apr.56579 - Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers. Updated Mar 10, 2020. Retrieved from the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/DevelopmentResources/DrugInteractionsLabeling/ucm093664.htm60092 - Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, et al. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 58: e44-100.60871 - Vaxchora (Cholera Vaccine, live, oral) package insert. Redwood City, CA: Emergent Travel Health Inc.; 2022 Dec.61976 - Kevzara (sarilumab) package insert. Bridgewater, NJ: Sanofi-Aventis US. LLC; 2023 Feb.63229 - Olumiant (baricitinib) tablets package insert. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA, LLC; 2022 Jun.64100 - Dengvaxia (dengue tetravalent vaccine, live) package insert. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur Inc.; 2023 August.64572 - Rinvoq (upadacitinib) package insert. North Chicago, IL: Abbvie Inc.; 2023 Nov.65107 - Kroger A, Bahta L, Hunter P. General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization. Best Practices Guidance of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).Available on the world wide web at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/downloads/general-recs.pdf. Revised April 27, 2022. Accessed on July 14, 2022.65210 - University of Liverpool. COVID-19 Drug Interactions. Retrived April 6, 2020. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.covid19-druginteractions.org/.66080 - Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine: Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) for 12 years and older. Purple cap and purple border. Retrieved November 22, 2022.

    Monitoring Parameters

    • CBC with differential
    • LFTs
    • platelet count
    • serum lipid profile

    US Drug Names

    • Actemra
    • TOFIDENCE
    ;